Science Principal Investigator: Ashok Ghosh, Ph.D., New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology

The AQUASHIELD project proposes an innovative biomimetic composite system for space habitats that integrates water storage, radiation shielding, micrometeoroid/orbital debris (MMOD) protection, and thermal management into a single efficient structure. Led by New Mexico Tech in collaboration with the University of New Mexico, NASA centers, national laboratories, and industry partners, this research addresses critical NASA shortfalls in habitation systems and logistics systems. The technology draws inspiration from biological structures, specifically the protective mechanisms of the human skull, to create a Fluid Filled Porous Laminated Composite (FFPLC) system. Using 3D-printed networks with 1-3mm pores and surface tension-driven fluid transport, AQUASHIELD is expected to demonstrate 25% better radiation shielding than traditional materials while reducing overall system mass by 40%. The system employs a layered architecture, with each layer serving specific protective functions from MMOD defense to thermal regulation.

The research plan spans three years, progressing from TRL 3 to TRL 6, and encompasses three main technical thrusts: zero-gravity fluid transport optimization, multi-layer protection system development, and system integration. Key innovations include passive fluid management through optimized surface tension characteristics, shear-thickening fluid composites for MMOD defense, and bio-inspired self-healing mechanisms that complete repairs within 10 seconds of impact. The project leverages extensive facilities across partner institutions, including NASA Glenn's Zero Gravity Research Facility for microgravity validation and NASA White Sands Test Facility for hypervelocity impact testing. The research team combines expertise through Dr. Paulo Oemig's NASA EPSCoR management experience, Dr. Ashok Ghosh's three decades in fluid-filled composites research, and Dr. Yu-Lin Shen's materials science leadership, along with key NASA collaborators providing specialized technical guidance.

AQUASHIELD directly addresses NASA's priorities, including lunar night survival (Rank #1), radiation protection (Ranks #15-16), and MMOD protection (Rank #81). The technology enables passive thermal regulation within 30°F and demonstrates superior radiation shielding with 56% lower Total Ionizing Dose than aluminum in space environments. Through testing at NASA facilities, the project will validate system performance under space-relevant conditions from RT to +150°C. The project emphasizes student development through three PhD positions focusing on bio-inspired structures, fluid transport, and computational analysis. These students will receive comprehensive training while contributing to next-generation space technology development. The established partnership network ensures effective technology transfer pathways across NASA, defense, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and commercial applications. Beyond space applications, AQUASHIELD's innovations have potential terrestrial impact in protective equipment, medical facility radiation shielding, and energy-efficient building materials. The comprehensive management plan includes systematic risk mitigation, regular progress evaluation, and coordinated research execution across partner institutions. The project builds on successful prior NASA EPSCoR research in New Mexico, which has managed ten active awards totaling over $3M across various space technology priorities. Through this integrated approach, AQUASHIELD advances space habitat technology while developing next-generation researchers and expanding New Mexico's space research capabilities. The project's comprehensive testing program, established partnerships, and clear implementation pathway position the technology for successful deployment in future NASA missions, including lunar and Mars exploration.